Podbal ( Tussilago farfara)

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[vc_empty_space height=”10px” woodmart_hide_large=”0″ woodmart_hide_medium=”0″ woodmart_hide_small=”0″ woodmart_hide_extra_small=”0″][vc_empty_space height=”10px” woodmart_hide_large=”0″ woodmart_hide_medium=”0″ woodmart_hide_small=”0″ woodmart_hide_extra_small=”0″][vc_empty_space height=”10px” woodmart_hide_large=”0″ woodmart_hide_medium=”0″ woodmart_hide_small=”0″ woodmart_hide_extra_small=”0″][vc_empty_space height=”10px” woodmart_hide_large=”0″ woodmart_hide_medium=”0″ woodmart_hide_small=”0″ woodmart_hide_extra_small=”0″][vc_empty_space height=”10px” woodmart_hide_large=”0″ woodmart_hide_medium=”0″ woodmart_hide_small=”0″ woodmart_hide_extra_small=”0″][vc_empty_space height=”10px” woodmart_hide_large=”0″ woodmart_hide_medium=”0″ woodmart_hide_small=”0″ woodmart_hide_extra_small=”0″][vc_empty_space height=”10px” woodmart_hide_large=”0″ woodmart_hide_medium=”0″ woodmart_hide_small=”0″ woodmart_hide_extra_small=”0″][vc_empty_space height=”10px” woodmart_hide_large=”0″ woodmart_hide_medium=”0″ woodmart_hide_small=”0″ woodmart_hide_extra_small=”0″][vc_empty_space woodmart_hide_large=”0″ woodmart_hide_medium=”0″ woodmart_hide_small=”0″ woodmart_hide_extra_small=”0″][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” row_reverse_mobile=”0″ row_reverse_tablet=”0″ woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″ el_id=”denumiri”][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator color=”white”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=”60px” woodmart_hide_large=”0″ woodmart_hide_medium=”0″ woodmart_hide_small=”0″ woodmart_hide_extra_small=”0″][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” row_reverse_mobile=”0″ row_reverse_tablet=”0″ woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″][vc_column][vc_empty_space woodmart_hide_large=”0″ woodmart_hide_medium=”0″ woodmart_hide_small=”0″ woodmart_hide_extra_small=”0″][woodmart_title align=”left” style=”underlined” woodmart_css_id=”5c82e97986721″ title=”Alte denumiri” title_width=”100″ subtitle=”Arnică (Arnica montana)”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row el_id=”caractere-morfologice” mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” row_reverse_mobile=”0″ row_reverse_tablet=”0″ woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator color=”white”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=”60px” woodmart_hide_large=”0″ woodmart_hide_medium=”0″ woodmart_hide_small=”0″ woodmart_hide_extra_small=”0″][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” row_reverse_mobile=”0″ row_reverse_tablet=”0″ woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_empty_space woodmart_hide_large=”0″ woodmart_hide_medium=”0″ woodmart_hide_small=”0″ woodmart_hide_extra_small=”0″][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][woodmart_title align=”left” style=”underlined” woodmart_css_id=”5c82e98103a88″ title=”Caractere morfologice” title_width=”100″ subtitle=”Arnică (Arnica montana)”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text text_larger=”no”]Descriere şi răspândire:

Plantă erbacee, înaltă de 5-15 cm. În pământ are un rizom vertical alb, cilindric, cărnos, acoperit cu solzi, din care pornesc stoloni lungi de până la 2 m şi rădăcina ramificată. Primăvara, devreme, din rizom creşte tulpina floriferă (scapul) acoperită cu frunze mici solziforme, ovate, membranoase, incolore, albe sau maronii. Frunzele au nervaţiunea palmată, glabre pe faţă şi albicioase, păroase pe dos. Mai târziu, după ce trec florile, apar direct din rizom frunze mari cu peţioli lungi de 5-30 cm, limbul aproape rotund şi adânc cordat, pe margine dublu-dinţat cu vârful ascuţit. Florile apar înaintea frunzelor, sunt grupate în antodii terminale de cca 2,5 cm, asemănătoare celor de Păpădie, cu flori ligulate, galbene pe margini şi flori tubu­loase în centru, pe tipul 5, cu smoc de peri la bază. Fructele – achene cilindrice, de 4- 5 mm lungime, cu papus din peri albi mai lungi decât achena. Înfloreşte în lunile martie-aprilie.

Răspândită în toată ţara, pe coaste râpoase umede, maluri abrupte ale râurilor, săpături, zăvoaie, tăieturi de pădure, pe soluri alcaline până la sub­alcaline, sărace în humus şi umezite de apele în mişcare. Are cerinţe mari faţă de umiditate.

Părţile utilizate: Folium Farfarae – frunzele.

Recoltarea:

Se face din aprilie până în iunie sau toamna în septembrie-octombrie, din locurile însorite, prin ruperea frunzelor fără peţiol. Fără miros caracteristic, gustul amărui-mucilaginos.

Uscarea:

Frunzele de Podbal se selectează să nu fie amestecate cu cele de Captalan (Petasites) cu care se aseamănă, se usucă la umbră cât mai rapid sau artificial la 40-50 grade C.

Randamentul la uscare: 6-8/1.

Condiţiile tehnice de recepţie admit ca impurităţi: resturi de peţioli – max. 5%, frunze brunificate – max. 5%, frunze pătate – max. 3%, corpuri străine organice – max. 1%, minerale – max. 3%, umiditate – max. 13%.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” row_reverse_mobile=”0″ row_reverse_tablet=”0″ woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″ el_id=”compoziție-chimică”][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator color=”white”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=”60px” woodmart_hide_large=”0″ woodmart_hide_medium=”0″ woodmart_hide_small=”0″ woodmart_hide_extra_small=”0″][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” row_reverse_mobile=”0″ row_reverse_tablet=”0″ woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_empty_space woodmart_hide_large=”0″ woodmart_hide_medium=”0″ woodmart_hide_small=”0″ woodmart_hide_extra_small=”0″][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][woodmart_title align=”left” style=”underlined” woodmart_css_id=”5c82e98fcb46d” title=”Compoziție chimică” title_width=”100″ subtitle=”Arnică (Arnica montana)”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text text_larger=”no”]Compoziţie chimică:

Frunzele conţin: mucilagii care prin hidroliză dau galactoză şi pentoze, taninuri (17%), substanţe amare (tusilagina), inulină, carotenoizi, fitosterine, săruri minerale (nitratul de potasiu, zinc, siliciu), arabinoză, xiloză, acizi galic, stearic şi palmitic[/vc_column_text][vc_column_text text_larger=”no”]Florile şi rădăcinile conţin alcaloizi pirolizidinici cu efecte genotoxice, hepatotoxice şi carcinogene, fapt pentru care fitoterapia modernă interzice utilizarea lor.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” row_reverse_mobile=”0″ row_reverse_tablet=”0″ woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″ el_id=”utilizare”][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator color=”white”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=”60px” woodmart_hide_large=”0″ woodmart_hide_medium=”0″ woodmart_hide_small=”0″ woodmart_hide_extra_small=”0″][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” row_reverse_mobile=”0″ row_reverse_tablet=”0″ woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_empty_space woodmart_hide_large=”0″ woodmart_hide_medium=”0″ woodmart_hide_small=”0″ woodmart_hide_extra_small=”0″][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][woodmart_title align=”left” style=”underlined” woodmart_css_id=”5c82e9954d097″ title=”Ultilizare” title_width=”100″ subtitle=”Arnică (Arnica montana)”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text text_larger=”no”]Acţiune biologică:

– Secretolitică, emolientă şi antispastică – datorită mucilagiilor şi inulinei;

– Antitusivă.

Recomandări:

Preparatele pe bază de Podbal sunt complementare pe cale internă în: afecţiuni pulmonare cronice, emfizem pulmonar, silicoză pulmonară, astm bronşic, tuse, bronhopneumopatii, hemoptizie.

Extern: eczeme.

În medicina populară se folosesc pe cale internă în: afecţiuni pulmonare, răguşeală, dispepsii, dischinezii biliare, cancer pulmonar.

Pe cale externă în: plăgi şi răni greu vindecabile, reumatism.

Mod de folosire:

Intern – infuzie din 1 lingură frunze la 200 ml apă, se beau 2-3 căni pe zi, timp de 2-3 luni.

Extern – infuzie pentru spălături locale.

Contraindicaţii:

Nu se folosesc florile şi rădăcinile, nici pe cale externă.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” row_reverse_mobile=”0″ row_reverse_tablet=”0″ woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″ el_id=”imagini”][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator color=”white”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=”60px” woodmart_hide_large=”0″ woodmart_hide_medium=”0″ woodmart_hide_small=”0″ woodmart_hide_extra_small=”0″][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” row_reverse_mobile=”0″ row_reverse_tablet=”0″ woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″][vc_column][woodmart_title align=”left” style=”underlined” woodmart_css_id=”5c82e9a008e5c” title=”Galerie Imagini” title_width=”100″ subtitle=”Arnică (Arnica montana)”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner]

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Material publicat cu acordul autorilor:

• Dr.Biolog Pop Maria,Prof.Dr.Farm.Bojor Ovidiu- Fitoterapia în folosul tuturor,Ed.Medicală 2010
• Dr.Biolog Pop Maria,Dr.Farm.Pop Andrea,Dr.farm.Pop Oana,Dr.Farm.Pop Octavian Vasile-Terapia cu plante medicinale și suplimente alimentare,Ed Semne 2016

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